Jovan Divjak, the retired Serbian-born Bosnian army general at the center of a high-profile extradition battle, has arrived in Sarajevo following Austrian authorities' dismissal of a Serbian handover request. With Serb and Austrian (1914) Quotes on IMDb: Memorable quotes and exchanges from movies, TV series and more. Stay alive for the children,” the dying Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand urged his wife as she slumped over him in the open. That day’s Bosnian-Serb assassins seem to foreshadow the Bosnian Serbs who besieged Sarajevo. Austrian Head Of EU Advocates For Kosovo's Serbs. Before Austrian agricultural colonization began in the 18th century. More than four-fifths of the population of Serbia identifies itself as Serb. The principal minorities are Hungarians and Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims).For most of the 2. Yugoslavia. The capital of Serbia is Belgrade (Beograd), a cosmopolitan city at the confluence of the Danube and Sava rivers; Stari Grad, Belgrade’s old town, is dominated by an ancient fortress called the Kalemegdan and includes well- preserved examples of medieval architecture and some of eastern Europe’s most- renowned restaurants. Serbia’s second city, Novi Sad, lies upstream on the Danube; a cultural and educational centre, it resembles the university towns of nearby Hungary in many respects. Beginning in the 1. Serbia was an integral part of Yugoslavia (meaning “Land of the South Slavs”), which included the modern countries of Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Montenegro. Long ruled in turn by the Ottoman Empire and Austria- Hungary, these component nations combined in 1. Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. In 1. 92. 9 that federation was formally constituted as Yugoslavia. Serbia was the dominant part in this multiethnic union, though after World War II the nonaligned communist government of Josip Broz Tito accorded some measure of autonomy to the constituent republics and attempted to balance contending interests by dividing national administrative responsibilities (e. After Tito’s death in 1. Europe over the course of the following decade, resurgent nationalism reopened old rifts in Yugoslav society. Serbian (and later Yugoslav) leader Slobodan Milo. The civil war caused the death or displacement of hundreds of thousands of people and prompted international sanctions against the country. In the late 1. 99. Albanian- Muslim- dominated Serbian province of Kosovo declared independence, resulting in the intervention of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the United Nations, the bombing of Belgrade, and the placement of Kosovo under UN administration from mid- 1. Milo. In 2. 00. 3, after the ratification of the pact by the parliaments of Serbia, Montenegro, and Yugoslavia, the renamed Serbia and Montenegro replaced Yugoslavia on the European map. In 2. 00. 6 this loose federation came to an end, as Montenegro and Serbia were recognized as independent nations. Meanwhile, multilateral talks to determine Kosovo’s future status failed to yield a solution acceptable to both Serbs and Kosovars. Despite Serbia’s opposition, Kosovo formally seceded in February 2. Test Your Knowledge. Countries of the World. Likening the strife and dissolution that ravaged the country during the 1. Serbian poet Vasko Popa once wrote: If you’re not smashed to bits,If you’re still in one piece and get up in one piece,You can start playing. By the early 2. 1st century, Serbia was putting behind it the tragedy of its recent past to rebuild as a singular, independent country on a new Balkan Peninsula. Land. Bounding the country to the west are the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Slavonian region of the Republic of Croatia. Serbia adjoins Hungary to the north, Romania and Bulgaria to the east, Macedonia to the south, and Montenegro to the southwest. Kosovo, which Serbia does not recognize as an independent country, lies to the south as well, along the northwestern border of Albania. Relief. The landforms of Serbia, a landlocked country, fall into regional groupings that roughly parallel the republic’s major political divisions. The plains of the northern Vojvodina region generally lie at elevations between 2. Their highest point is 1,7. Much of the Vojvodina is blanketed by portions of a former plateau that rose up to 1. Europe. Hills and high mountains characterize the central body of Serbia. Its western margins include sections of the Dinaric Alps, and its eastern borderlands are part of the Carpathian and Rhodope mountain systems. Between these flanking mountains lie the . This is a tectonically active region notable for earthquakes.
To the east the Carpathians are nearly as high; one peak in the Balkan Mountains (Stara Planina) bordering Bulgaria attains an elevation of more than 7,0. For a distance of 6. Danube flows across the Carpathian range, its bed dropping 9. The gorge consists of four narrow constrictions connected by three basins. Before the flooding that followed completion of the joint Yugoslav- Romanian . Upstream, in the Vojvodina plains, the Danube attains widths of up to 2 miles (3 km) and depths of 4. Drainage. Serbia’s drainage is primarily to the Danubian system and flows into the Black Sea. The Tisa River is the most prominent tributary of the Danube in the Vojvodina, entering the province from Hungary south of the city of Szeged. Runoff from the southern slopes of the Fru. It has a length of 2. Danube, draining two- fifths of Serbian territory. Tributaries of the Vardar River tap a small section of southeastern Serbia; the river itself flows southward across Macedonia to the Aegean Sea. The valleys of the Morava and Vardar rivers have constituted a major route between central Europe and the eastern Mediterranean since prehistoric times. A railroad and modern highway now follow this ancient path. Other than reservoirs behind hydroelectric dams, Serbia has no appreciable lakes. Its largest natural body of water is Lake Pali. The subhumid plains and tablelands of the Vojvodina north and east of the Danube are characterized by organically rich black earth soils (chernozems) derived from the decaying root systems of countless generations of native grasses. In the forested hills and mountains south of the Danube, the soils tend to be less- fertile and weakly acidic brown podzolics. In cultivated areas these have been enriched by the incorporation of nutrients from fodder crops and animal manures. Infertile podzol soils predominate in the mountains and are characterized by an ash- coloured upper layer resulting from the leaching of all but their insoluble quartz particles by the acids generated in the slow decay of pine needles and other litter of the forest floors. Climate. Differences in elevation, proximity to the sea, and exposure to wind lead to significant climatic differences within Serbia. In general, however, the climate is continental, with cold, relatively dry winters and warm, humid summers. The difference between average temperatures in January and July in Belgrade is 4. July temperatures average about 7. Summer temperatures in mountainous areas of Serbia are notably cooler, averaging about 6. Air masses from eastern and northern Europe predominate throughout the year. Only occasionally do Mediterranean air masses reach Serbia from the southeast or south. Precipitation in Serbia ranges from 2. The lowest amounts are found in the Vojvodina. Most precipitation falls during the warm half of the year, with maximums occurring in late spring and late autumn. Winter precipitation tends to fall as snow, with 4. Plant and animal life. The vegetation of Serbia forms a transition between central European and Mediterranean types. Before Austrian agricultural colonization began in the 1. Vojvodina plains were a grassland steppe. However, it is evident that forests at one time dominated the region. Only about 5 percent of the area is now covered by trees, mostly in the higher parts of the Fru. In mountainous areas trees cover two- fifths or more of the territory, depending on elevation and soil thickness. Serbia has a rich diversity of wild animals. Among larger mammals, deer and bear abound in forested areas. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are a distinctive feature of beech forests in the mountains. People. Most of the population of Serbia and neighbouring Montenegro is of South Slavic origin. Slavic tribes entered the region from the north during the 5th to 7th century ce, encountering Illyrian- speaking peoples. Although the Slavs acculturated large numbers of Illyrians, many of the latter retained their distinctive language and customs in the complex hills and valleys of present- day Albania. Cleavages between southern Slav tribes developed over time, particularly after the establishment in the 4th century ce of the north- south “Theodosian Line” demarcating the eastern and western segments of the Roman Empire. Organization of the Christian church subsequently was based on this division. Missionaries from Rome converted Slavic tribes in the west to Roman Catholicism (these tribal groups becoming progenitors of the Slovenes and Croatians), while missionaries from Constantinople converted ancestors of Serbs and Montenegrins to Eastern Orthodoxy. Ethnic groups. The early Serbian homeland was in the vicinity of Serbia’s Kopaonik Mountains, including the Kosovo Basin and the region around the ancient capital of Ras (near modern Novi Pazar). After Ottoman armies overran this region in the 1. Serb families fled the southern basins and found shelter northward in the hills of . Albanian tribal groups then moved into former Serbian settlements. More than four- fifths of the population of Serbia identifies itself as Serb. The principal minorities are Hungarians and Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims). Roma (Gypsies) make up a small but distinctive group. Other minorities include Croats, Montenegrins, Bulgarians, and Romanians. Excluding the Vojvodina, Serbs make up the vast majority of the inhabitants of Serbia proper. The proportion of Serbs there grew markedly during the 1. Serbian refugees from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Minority populations of Bosniaks, located in the southwest, and Albanians, scattered throughout Serbia proper, declined as many refugees fled to Bosnia and Kosovo. In the Vojvodina, Serbs constitute slightly more than half of an exceptionally diverse population. Serbian refugees from the secessionist republics account for about one- eighth of the province’s total population. The second largest group is the Hungarians. At one time a large number of Germans lived in the Vojvodina, but the new communist government expelled virtually all German speakers in 1. This group had descended from Austrian and German families brought to the Vojvodina by the Austrian empress Maria Theresa during the 1.
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